Serial API

The Serial API allows users and developers to interact with their CCOS powered device over a serial connection. This can be used to add and remove chords, change advanced parameters, and perform common commands such as resetting keymaps or resetting the device to factory settings. You can utilize this serial API by using any serial terminal such as serialterminal.com on a serial enabled web browser. The serial connection operates at a baud rate of 115200 bps. In general, a success returns a 0 at the end, while a failure returns a number greater than zero, which represents an error code. When sending Serial API commands to a CharaChorder device, allow for at least 100 microseconds (us) between commands to allow time for the commands to be processed on the device. If there is no time allowed to process commands on the device, then the serial input buffer on the device can fill up and overflow, causing a system crash. Ideally, sequential Serial API commands should be called in a restful manner by waiting for a response from the previous command.

Running some simple commands on serialterminal.com

Warning

Parameter and keymaps changes, when committed, will degrade the flash chip over time (generally a minimum of 10,000 to 25,000 commits are expected to be stable). If you use the commands below, keep in mind that if you accidentally write a program that unnecessarily commits parameters to your device you can wear it out prematurely. If you plan to programmatically change layouts, for example, you shouldn’t commit the changes unless you need them to persist after power loss.

Chords are stored on external flash and have a minimum of 100,000 commits before any degradation could be expected; however, we have a custom wear leveling algorithm that targets specific sectors so this should extend much farther and is less of a concern.

Note

Throughout this document, lines prefixed with a “>” symbol represent user input in the examples shown.

Commands Overview

Commands are all caps ASCII characters. The return is always one line and includes the command in the return line along with some of the relevant input arguments as well. This makes it more restful and stateless as compared to previous versions of the Serial API.

Command	Description
CMD	Lists available commands.
ID	Identifies device, such as CHARACHORDER ONE M0.
VERSION	Returns the current firmware version, such as 1.1.1
CML	Used for getting, setting (adding or overwriting), and deleting chordmaps.
VAR	Used for getting and settings parameters; this includes setting custom chordmaps.
RST	Restarts/reboots the microcontroller hardware. It has additional arguments for Factory and Bootloader.
RAM	Prints the current amount of SRAM available; this is primarily used for debugging.
SIM	Simulates/injects a chord and outputs the chord output if the chord exists in the chord library; this is primarily used for debugging.

Commands

This section covers the various commands, what they expect, what they return, and has examples of how to use them.

CMD

The CMD command lists out all of the commands in the Serial API. All of the commands are returned in one comma-delimited line. All commands are uppercase ASCII characters.

I/O	Index	Name	Type	Example	Notes
INPUT	0	Command	Chars	CMD
OUTPUT	0	Command	Chars	CMD
OUTPUT	1	Command List	Chars	CMD,ID,VERSION,CML,VAR,RST,RAM,SIM	Comma delimited

Example(s):

> CMD
CMD CMD,ID,VERSION,CML,VAR,RST,RAM,SIM

ID

The ID command returns the ASCII name of the device, including the chipset code. This can be used to identify the correct serial device attached to the computer.

I/O	Index	Name	Type	Example	Notes
INPUT	0	Command	Chars	ID
OUTPUT	0	Command	Chars	ID
OUTPUT	1	Company	Chars	CHARACHORDER
OUTPUT	2	Device	Chars	ONE	ONE, LITE, ENGINE, or X
OUTPUT	3	Chipset	Chars	M0	M0 or S2

Example(s):

> ID
ID CHARACHORDER ONE M0

VERSION

The VERSION command returns the current version of the CCOS firmware.

I/O	Index	Name	Type	Example	Notes
INPUT	0	Command	Chars	VERSION
OUTPUT	0	Command	Chars	VERSION
OUTPUT	1	Command List	Chars	1.1.1	Period delimited of MAJOR.MINOR.BUILD

Example(s):

> VERSION
VERSION 1.1.1

CML

The CML command provides access to the Chordmap Library.

CML SubCommand	Code	Description
GET_CHORDMAP_COUNT	C0	Gets the (decimal) number of chordmaps.
GET_CHORDMAP_BY_INDEX	C1	Gets a chordmap by the index number (hexadecimal uint16) if within range.
GET_CHORDMAP_BY_CHORD	C2	Gets a chordmap by the chord (hexadecimal) value if it is found in the library.
SET_CHORDMAP_BY_CHORD	C3	Sets a chordmap with a chord and output bytes (hexadecimal).
DEL_CHORDMAP_BY_CHORD	C4	Deletes a chordmap from the library if the chord exists.

GET_CHORDMAP_COUNT

I/O	Index	Name	Type	Example	Notes
INPUT	0	Command	Chars	CML
INPUT	1	SubCommand	Hexadecimal CML Code	C0	Get chordmap count
OUTPUT	0	Command	Chars	CML
OUTPUT	1	SubCommand	Hexadecimal CML Code	C0
OUTPUT	2	Data Out	Decimal Number	1347

Example(s):

> CML C0
CML C0 1347

GET_CHORDMAP_BY_INDEX

I/O	Index	Name	Type	Example	Notes
INPUT	0	Command	Chars	CML
INPUT	1	SubCommand	Hexadecimal CML Code	C1	Get chordmap by index
INPUT	2	Index	Decimal	522
OUTPUT	0	Command	Chars	CML
OUTPUT	1	SubCommand	Hexadecimal CML Code	C1
OUTPUT	2	Index	Decimal	522
OUTPUT	3	Chord	Hexadecimal Number	001946418C0000000000000000000000	This will be 0 if index is out of bounds
OUTPUT	4	Phrase	Hexadecimal CCActionCodes List	6361727065206469656D	carpe diem; this will be 0 if index is out of bounds
OUTPUT	5	Success	Boolean Number	0	This will be 0 on success, or greater than zero for an error if the chordmap did not exist

Example(s):

> CML C1 522
CML C1 522 001946418C0000000000000000000000 6361727065206469656D 0

GET_CHORDMAP_BY_CHORD

I/O	Index	Name	Type	Example	Notes
INPUT	0	Command	Chars	CML
INPUT	1	SubCommand	Hexadecimal CML Code	C2	get chordmap by chord
INPUT	2	Chord	Hexadecimal Number	001946418C0000000000000000000000
OUTPUT	0	Command	Chars	CML
OUTPUT	1	SubCommand	Hexadecimal CML Code	C2
OUTPUT	2	Chord	Hexadecimal Number	001946418C0000000000000000000000
OUTPUT	3	Phrase	Hexadecimal CCActionCodes List	6361727065206469656D	carpe diem; this will be 0 if chordmap is not in the library

Example(s):

> CML C2 00000000E4E2B0160F84B20ACE7638C0
CML C2 00000000E4E2B0160F84B20ACE7638C0 6361727065206469656D

SET_CHORDMAP_BY_CHORD

I/O	Index	Name	Type	Example	Notes
INPUT	0	Command	Chars	CML
INPUT	1	SubCommand	Hexadecimal CML Code	C3	set chordmap by chord
INPUT	2	Chord	Hexadecimal Number	001946418C0000000000000000000000
INPUT	3	Phrase	Hexadecimal CCActionCodes List	6361727065206469656D	carpe diem
OUTPUT	0	Command	Chars	CML
OUTPUT	1	SubCommand	Hexadecimal CML Code	C3
OUTPUT	2	Chord	Hexadecimal Number	001946418C0000000000000000000000
OUTPUT	3	Phrase	Hexadecimal CCActionCodes List	6361727065206469656D	carpe diem; this will be 0 if there was a problem adding this chordmap to the library
OUTPUT	4	Success	Boolean Number	0	This will be 0 on success, or greater than zero for an error if the chordmap did not exist or the deletion was unsuccessful

Example(s):

> CML C3 00000000E4E2B0160F84B20ACE7638C0 6361727065206469656D
CML C3 00000000E4E2B0160F84B20ACE7638C0 6361727065206469656D 0

DEL_CHORDMAP_BY_CHORD

I/O	Index	Name	Type	Example	Notes
INPUT	0	Command	Chars	CML
INPUT	1	SubCommand	Hexadecimal CML Code	C4	delete chordmap by chord
INPUT	2	Chord	Hexadecimal Number	001946418C0000000000000000000000
OUTPUT	0	Command	Chars	CML
OUTPUT	1	SubCommand	Hexadecimal CML Code	C4
OUTPUT	2	Chord	Hexadecimal Number	001946418C0000000000000000000000	This will be 0 if the chordmap did not exist or the deletion was unsuccessful
OUTPUT	3	Success	Boolean Number	0	This will be 0 on success, or greater than zero for an error if the chordmap did not exist or the deletion was unsuccessful

Example(s):

> CML C4 00000000E4E2B0160F84B20ACE7638C0
CML C4 00000000E4E2B0160F84B20ACE7638C0 0

VAR

The VAR command provides access to customizable parameters. This includes access to custom keymaps.

VAR Subcommands

VAR SubCommand	Code	Description
CMD_VAR_COMMIT	B0	Commits any parameter changes to persistent memory.
CMD_VAR_GET_PARAMETER	B1	Gets the value of a parameter.
CMD_VAR_SET_PARAMETER	B2	Sets the value of a parameter.
CMD_VAR_GET_KEYMAP	B3	Gets the value of a key in a keymap.
CMD_VAR_SET_KEYMAP	B4	Sets the value of a key in a keymap.

Keymap codes

Keymap Codes	Code	Description
Primary	A1	The default primary keymap. In the CharaChorder One this is called the Alpha keymap, while on the CharaChorder Lite this defaults to a Qwerty layout.
Secondary	A2	The default secondary keymap. In the CharaChorder One this is called the Num-shift keymap, while on the CharaChorder Lite this provides some additional function and numpad keys.
Tertiary	A3	The default tertiary keymap. In the CharaChorder One this is called the Function keymap, while on the CharaChorder Lite this is a copy of the secondary keymap.

Parameter codes

Parameter Codes	Hexadecimal Code	Description
Enable Serial Header	0x01	boolean 0 or 1, default is 0
Enable Serial Logging	0x02	boolean 0 or 1, default is 0
Enable Serial Debugging	0x03	boolean 0 or 1, default is 0
Enable Serial Raw	0x04	boolean 0 or 1, default is 0
Enable Serial Chord	0x05	boolean 0 or 1, default is 0
Enable Serial Keyboard	0x06	boolean 0 or 1, default is 0
Enable Serial Mouse	0x07	boolean 0 or 1, default is 0
Enable USB HID Keyboard	0x11	boolean 0 or 1, default is 1
Enable Character Entry	0x12	boolean 0 or 1
GUI-CTRL Swap Mode	0x13	boolean 0 or 1; 1 swaps keymap 0 and 1. (CCL only)
Key Scan Duration	0x14	scan rate described in milliseconds; default is 2ms = 500Hz
Key Debounce Press Duration	0x15	debounce time in milliseconds; default is 7ms on the One and 20ms on the Lite
Key Debounce Release Duration	0x16	debounce time in milliseconds; default is 7ms on the One and 20ms on the Lite
Keyboard Output Character Microsecond Delays	0x17	delay time in microseconds (one delay for press and again for release); default is 480us; max is 10240us; increments of 40us
Enable USB HID Mouse	0x21	boolean 0 or 1; default is 1
Slow Mouse Speed	0x22	pixels to move at the mouse poll rate; default for CC1 is 5 = 250px/s
Fast Mouse Speed	0x23	pixels to move at the mouse poll rate; default for CC1 is 25 = 1250px/s
Enable Active Mouse	0x24	boolean 0 or 1; moves mouse back and forth every 60s
Mouse Scroll Speed	0x25	default is 1; polls at 1/4th the rate of the mouse move updates
Mouse Poll Duration	0x26	poll rate described in milliseconds; default is 20ms = 50Hz
Enable Chording	0x31	boolean 0 or 1
Enable Chording Character Counter Timeout	0x32	boolean 0 or 1; default is 1
Chording Character Counter Timeout Timer	0x33	0-255 deciseconds; default is 40 or 4.0 seconds
Chord Detection Press Tolerance(ms)	0x34	1-150 milliseconds
Chord Detection Release Tolerance(ms)	0x35	1-150 milliseconds
Enable Spurring	0x41	boolean 0 or 1; default is 1
Enable Spurring Character Counter Timeout	0x42	boolean 0 or 1; default is 1
Spurring Character Counter Timeout Timer	0x43	0-255 seconds; default is 240
Enable Arpeggiates	0x51	boolean 0 or 1; default is 1
Arpeggiate Tolerance	0x54	in milliseconds; default 800ms
Enable Compound Chording (coming soon)	0x61	boolean 0 or 1; default is 0
Compound Tolerance	0x64	in milliseconds; default 1500ms
LED Brightness	0x81	0-50 (CCL only); default is 5, which draws around 100 mA of current
LED Color Code	0x82	Color Codes to be listed (CCL only)
Enable LED Key Highlight (coming soon)	0x83	boolean 0 or 1 (CCL only)
Enable LEDs	0x84	boolean 0 or 1; default is 1 (CCL only)
Operating System	0x91	Operating system codes listed below
Enable Realtime Feedback	0x92	boolean 0 or 1; default is 1
Enable CharaChorder Ready on startup	0x93	boolean 0 or 1; default is 1

Operating system codes

Operating System Codes	Code
Windows	0
Mac	1
Linux	2
iOS	3
Android	4
Unknown	255

CMD_VAR_COMMIT

I/O	Index	Name	Type	Example	Notes
INPUT	0	Command	Chars	VAR
INPUT	1	SubCommand	Hexadecimal VAR Code	B0	Commit parameters to memory
OUTPUT	0	Command	Chars	VAR
OUTPUT	1	SubCommand	Hexadecimal VAR Code	B0
OUTPUT	2	Success	Boolean Number	0	This will be 0 on success, or greater than zero for an error if there was a problem commiting

Example(s):

> VAR B0
VAR B0 1

CMD_VAR_GET_PARAMETER

I/O	Index	Name	Type	Example	Notes
INPUT	0	Command	Chars	VAR
INPUT	1	SubCommand	Hexadecimal VAR Code	B1	Get parameter value
INPUT	2	Parameter Code	Hexadecimal Parameter Code	0x15
OUTPUT	0	Command	Chars	VAR
OUTPUT	1	SubCommand	Hexadecimal VAR Code	B1
OUTPUT	2	Parameter Code	Hexadecimal Parameter Code	0x15
OUTPUT	3	Data Out	Decimal Number	7
OUTPUT	4	Success	Boolean Number	0	This will be 0 on success, or greater than zero for an error if the VAR Code or Parameter Code doesnt exist

Example(s):

> VAR B1 0x15
VAR B1 0x15 7 0

CMD_VAR_SET_PARAMETER

I/O	Index	Name	Type	Example	Notes
INPUT	0	Command	Chars	VAR
INPUT	1	SubCommand	Hexadecimal VAR Code	B2	Set parameter value
INPUT	2	Parameter Code	Hexadecimal Parameter Code	0x15
INPUT	3	Data In	Decimal Number	17
OUTPUT	0	Command	Chars	VAR
OUTPUT	1	SubCommand	Hexadecimal VAR Code	B2
OUTPUT	2	Parameter Code	Hexadecimal Parameter Code	0x15
OUTPUT	3	Data Out	Decimal Number	17	This will be a 00 (double zero) if the VAR Code or Parameter Code doesn’t exist or the input value is out of range
OUTPUT	4	Success	Boolean Number	0	This will be 0 on success, or greater than zero for an error if there was a problem

Example(s):

> VAR B2 0x15 17
VAR B2 0x15 17 0

CMD_VAR_GET_KEYMAP

I/O	Index	Name	Type	Example	Notes
INPUT	0	Command	Chars	VAR
INPUT	1	SubCommand	Hexadecimal VAR Code	B3	Get keymap parameter value
INPUT	2	Keymap	Hexadecimal Keymap Code	A0
INPUT	3	Index	Decimal Number	24	For CC1, 0-89 are valid. For CCL, 0-66 are valid.
OUTPUT	0	Command	Chars	VAR
OUTPUT	1	SubCommand	Hexadecimal VAR Code	B3
OUTPUT	2	Keymap	Hexadecimal Keymap Code	A0
OUTPUT	3	Index	Decimal Number	24
OUTPUT	4	Action Id	Decimal Number	111	Valid action Ids range from 8 thru 2047.
OUTPUT	5	Success	Boolean Number	0	This will be 0 on success, or greater than zero for an error if either the Keymap Code or Index are out of range.

Example(s):

> VAR B3 A0 24
VAR B3 A0 24 111 0

CMD_VAR_SET_KEYMAP

I/O	Index	Name	Type	Example	Notes
INPUT	0	Command	Chars	VAR
INPUT	1	SubCommand	Hexadecimal VAR Code	B4	Set keymap parameter value
INPUT	2	Keymap	Hexadecimal Keymap Code	A0
INPUT	3	Index	Decimal Number	24	For CC1, 0-89 are valid. For CCL, 0-66 are
INPUT	4	Action Id	Decimal Number	112	Valid action Ids range from 8 thru 2047.
OUTPUT	0	Command	Chars	VAR
OUTPUT	1	SubCommand	Hexadecimal VAR Code	B3
OUTPUT	2	Keymap	Hexadecimal Keymap Code	A0
OUTPUT	3	Index	Decimal Number	24
OUTPUT	4	Action Id	Decimal Number	112	Valid action Ids range from 8 thru 2047. Returns a 00 if either the Keymap Code or Index or Action Id are out of range.
OUTPUT	5	Success	Boolean Number	1	This will be 0 on success, or greater than zero for an error if the chordmap did not exist or the deletion was unsuccessful

Example(s):

> VAR B2 A0 24 112
VAR B2 A0 24 112 0

RST

The RST command restarts the CCOS device. This will most likely also break the current Serial connection, and a new connection will need to be made. If the COMMIT command has not been called before a RESTART command, then the device will revert to the last settings stored in the non-volatile memory.

I/O	Index	Name	Type	Example	Notes
INPUT	0	Command	Chars	RST
OUTPUT	0	Command	Chars	RST	Without optional command, this just restarts the device
OUTPUT	1	SubCommand	Chars	BOOTLOADER	See full list of subcommands below
OUTPUT	2	Success	Boolean Number	0	This will be 0 on success, or greater than zero for an error if the subcommand did not exist or the subcommand was unsuccessful

RST SubCommands

RST SubCommand	Notes
RESTART	Restarts the microcontroller.
FACTORY	Performs a factory reset of the flash and emulated eeprom. During the process, the flash chip is erased.
BOOTLOADER	Restarts the device into a bootloader mode. On a CC1 or CCL M0, the device may be stuck in UF2 bootloader mode until a UF2 file is pasted into the mass storage device. You can copy and paste the UF2 file already in the mass storage device.
PARAMS	Resets the parameters to factory defaults and commits.
KEYMAPS	Resets the keymaps to the factory defaults and commits.
STARTER	Adds starter chordmaps. This does not clear the chordmap library, but adds to it, replacing those that have the same chord.
CLEARCML	Permanently deletes all the chordmaps stored in the device memory.
UPGRADECML	Attempts to upgrade chordmaps that the system detects are older. This is under development.
FUNC	Adds back in functional chords such as CAPSLOCKS and Backspace-X chords.

RAM

The RAM command returns the current number of bytes availabe in SRAM. This is useful for debugging when there is a suspected heap or stack issue.

I/O	Index	Name	Type	Example	Notes
INPUT	0	Command	Chars	RAM
OUTPUT	0	Command	Chars	RAM
OUTPUT	1	Bytes Available	Decimal	425

Example(s):

> RAM
RAM 425

SIM

The SIM command provides a way to inject a chord or key states to be processed by the device. This is primarily used for debugging.

I/O	Index	Name	Type	Example	Notes
INPUT	0	Command	Chars	SIM
INPUT	1	SubCommand	Chars	CHORD	CHORD or KEYSTATE; may change this to Hexadecimal codes
INPUT	2	Data In	Hexadecimal Number	001946418C0000000000000000000000	Chords should be 32 characters
OUTPUT	0	Command	Chars	SIM
OUTPUT	1	SubCommand	Chars	CHORD
OUTPUT	2	Data In	Hexadecimal Number	001946418C0000000000000000000000
OUTPUT	3	Data Out	Hexadecimal CCActionCodes List	6361727065206469656D	carpe diem

Example(s):

> SIM CHORD 001946418C0000000000000000000000
SIM CHORD 001946418C0000000000000000000000 6361727065206469656D

> SIM CHORD 00000000E4E2B0160F84B20ACE7638C0
SIM CHORD 00000000E4E2B0160F84B20ACE7638C0 0 # Returns a 0 if there is no chordmap in the library

Chord Construction

There are 128-bits in a chord. The first 8 bits will typically be 0x00, as this byte value is used to store an index value for chordmaps where the chord output is longer than what can be stored in memory in a single chordmap, which has 192 bytes allocated per memory entry.

The next 120-bit bits are segmented into twelve 10-bit chunks. Each 10-bit value is a 10-bit CC action code. While CC action codes can reference up to 13-bits, only up to 10-bit values can be used for key inputs. The key inputs for a chord are sorted in descending order from greatest in value to least in value.

	Chain Index	Key 1	Key 2	Key 3	Key 4	Key 5	Key 6	Key 7	Key 8	Key 9	Key 10	Key 11	Key 12
bits	8 bits	10 bits	10 bits	10 bits	10 bits	10 bits	10 bits	10 bits	10 bits	10 bits	10 bits	10 bits	10 bits
example 1	0	w	r	o	l	d
decimal 1	0	119	114	111	108	100	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
example 2	0	DUP	t	m
decimal 2	0	536	116	109	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

Note that yes it is possible to use the same CC action code multiple times for keys in a chord, but these chords cannot be activated unless the device’s keymap has more than one instance of the same CC action code assigned to more than one of the keys on the A1 keymap layer.

If a chord is attempted to be formed by more than 12 keys, then the smallest key values after being sorted should be truncated to just 12 values. This chord bit structure can not support more than twelve 10-bit keys. Most chords will have trailing zeros.

To use these chords with the Serial API, they should be converted to a 16-character hexadecimal representation.

Action codes

You can see the action codes below, or view them externally here.